集体理性、政经分离与乡村治理有效——基于苏南YL村的经验研究

Collective Rationality,Separation of Politics and Economics and Effective Rural Governance: Empirical Research of YL Village in Southern Jiangsu

乡村治理有效是实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容。既有研究在探讨如何实现乡村治理有效问题时往往将研究重点置于如何形塑乡村社会中国家与社会、行政与自治的关系,而较少关注到乡村社会内部的组织关系对乡村治理有效性的影响。基于"行为-组织-治理"的分析框架和苏南YL村的田野调查发现:在集体理性的驱动下,村级组织公共理性行为和经济理性行为为村集体造就了巨大的经济财富,并构建了"政经不分"的管理体制。但由于该体制下的利益分配主要基于以村籍制度为基础的产权确认,导致村民自治的封闭性和排他性,无法有效回应变化中的乡村治理需求并对乡村治理有效性提出挑战。这时,集体理性导向下的组织理性加速了村级组织结构的重塑与功能分化,实现了农村社区的"政经分离"和乡村治理转型,主要表现为经济组织的职能归位和乡村治理产业化转型、社区组织的结构变迁和乡村治理的服务化转型、多元组织的共建共治与乡村治理的协同化转型,由此探索出一条实现乡村治理有效的理想进路。

Effective rural governance is an important part of rural vitalization strategy.In regard to how to achieve effective rural governance,existing studies often focus on how to shape the relationship between the state and society,administration and self-government in rural society,while ignoring the impact of organizational relationships within rural society on the effectiveness of rural governance.Based on the"behavior-organization-governance"analysis framework and field surveys in YL village of Southern Jiangsu,it is found that driven by collective rationality,the public rational behavior and economic rational behavior of village-level organizations have created huge economic wealth for the village collective,and built a management system without separation of politics and economics.However,the benefit distribution under this system is mainly determined by the confirmation of property rights based on the village residential registration system,which leads to the closedness and exclusivity of villager self-government,making it unable to effectively respond to the changing needs of rural governance and bringing challenges for effective rural governance.Organizational rationality oriented by collective rationality accelerates the restructuring and functional differentiation of village-level organizational structures and realizes the separation of politics and economics in rural communities and the transformation of rural governance,which is mainly manifested in the functional return of economic organizations and the industrial transformation,structural changes of community organizations and service-oriented transformation,the collaboration and participation of multi-organizations and synergetic transformation.Thus,an ideal approach to effective rural governance is explored.