莱布尼茨逻辑学的学术成就、历史影响和理论得失

The Academic Achievements,Historical Influences,Theoretical Successes and Failures of Leibniz’s Logic

鉴于我国莱布尼茨逻辑思想研究长期存在有“一手文献太少”“缺乏理论系统和深度”等弊端,本文旨在尽可能多地依据原始资料,从西方逻辑史的维度对莱布尼茨逻辑学的学术成就、历史影响和理论得失做一总体的纲要式的较为系统和较为深入的说明。莱布尼茨不仅改革和发展了西方古典形式逻辑,而且还开创了数理逻辑,在西方逻辑史上产生了深广影响。他的逻辑学的缺失主要在于其拘泥于内涵逻辑和内在关系说。不过,他对外延逻辑和外在关系说的宽容态度又使其有望在西方逻辑的未来发展中扮演一个先知的角色。

In view of the fact that there have been some long lasting shortcomings such as lacking original data,theoretic systematization and theoretic depth in the studies of Leibniz’s logic thoughts in our country,this paper aims at making a total,schematic,more systematic and deeper explanation of the academic achievements,historical influences and successes and failures in theories of Leibniz’s logic,from the dimension of the Western history of logic,based on original data as much as possible.Leibniz not only reformed and developed Western classical formal logic,but initiated mathematical logic,generating the deep and extensive influences in the history of the Western logic.Though the main deficiencies of his logic consist in that he sticks to intensional logic and the theory of internal relations,his tolerance of extensive logic and the theory of external relations may make him play a part of prophet in the future development of the Western logic.