论“个体”在马克思思想中的位置

On the Position of the Concept of Individual within Karl Marx’s Thought

在个体与共同体之间,马克思似乎格外偏爱共同体,以至于“个体”似乎在马克思思想中“空场”了。然而,事实却并非如此:“个体”,不仅在马克思说明传统共同体的瓦解、政治国家与市民社会的分裂状态、市民社会之分裂为阶级以及“真正的共同体”的过程中发挥了不可替代的作用,而且在阐发历史唯物主义之感性原则和实践原则以及揭示异化现象中起到独特的作用,更是在当代马克思政治哲学论争乃至马克思道德理论的重构中成为名副其实的“阶梯”。

Between the concept of individual and the concept of community,it seems that Karl Marx prefers the concept of community,to an extent that the concept of individual is“absent’”within Marx’s thought.However,it’s not true.On the contrary,the concept of individual takes an irreplaceable role while Marx expounds the collapse of traditional community,the split of political state and civil society,and the split of civil society into classes and“real communities”.Furthermore,it plays a unique role in explaining the perceptual and practical principles of historical materialism and revealing the phenomenon of alienation.In addition,it becomes the genuine“ladder”for contemporary scholars to discuss the questions of Marx’s political philosophy and to re-build Marx’s moral theory.