贵州水晶葡萄病原真菌分离鉴定及室内抑菌活性测试

Isolation,Identification and Pharmaceutical Screening Pathogenic Fungi from Crystal Grape in Guizhou

[目的]确定引起贵州水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害的病原真菌种类及室内筛选用于该病害的主要防治杀菌剂。[方法]对病原菌进行分离纯化鉴定,通过科赫法则确定致病菌种类;筛选12种商品杀菌剂对炭疽病菌进行抑菌活性测定,筛选出有效药剂,为防治该病害提供一定的理论依据。[结果]从贵州省凯里市水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害分离鉴定出3株病原菌,为青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、炭疽病菌(Clletotrichum gloeosporioides)和链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.),采用科赫法则,对3株病原真菌进行刺伤回接,发现3株均为水晶葡萄在贮藏过程中的主要致病菌。12种杀菌剂对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌进行室内抑菌活性测试结果表明:均具有较好的抑制活性,其中50%咯菌腈WP、50%苯菌灵WP、42%噻菌灵SC和43%戊唑醇SC对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌抑制活性最好,其EC50值分别为0.1024、0.1386、0.1624、0.1974 mg/L。[结论]凯里水晶葡萄采后病害病菌为青霉菌、炭疽病菌和链格孢菌;筛选出12种药剂针对水晶葡萄采后病害炭疽病菌的药剂,其中50%咯菌腈WP对炭疽病菌具有较好抑制效果,为水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害防治提供理论基础。

[Aims]This study aims to clarify the types of pathogenic fungi of crystal grapes in Guizhou after post-harvest storage,and to screen out the main control fungicides for the pathogen.[Methods]The pathogenic fungus of crystal grapes were isolated,purified,and determined by using the fungi morphological and molecular biological identification.The antifungal effects of 12 fungicides on the main pathogens were screened,and the effective agents were screened out to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease.[Results]Five strains were isolated from the postharvest storage disease of crystal grape in Kaili City.The pathogens were Penicillium sp.,Clletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp.According to Koch's Postulates,three strains of pathogenic fungi were stabbed and grafted back,and all three strains were found to be the main pathogens of crystal grapes during storage.Indoor virulence tests of 12 fungicides of C.gloeosporioides showed that EC50 of fludioxonil 50%WP,benomyl 50%WP,thiabendazole 42%SC and tebuconazole 43%SC against C.gloeosporioides,were 0.1024,0.1386,0.1624 and 0.1974 mg/L respectively.[Conclusions]The pathogenicity of crystal grape pathogenic fungus were idolated Penicillium sp.,C.gloeosporioides and Alternaria.sp.The 12 fungicides were selected for the treatment of crystal grape postharvest disease C.gloeosporioides,fludioxonil 50%WP has a good inhibitory effect on C.gloeosporioides,which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of postharvest storage of crystal grapes.