不同密度小麦豌豆套作的培肥和增产效应

Fertilization and Yield Increasing Effects of Wheat and Pea Intercropping with Different Densities

为了探究冬小麦与豌豆套作对土壤肥力和小麦生长的影响,找出2种作物合适的套作密度比例,以冬小麦(长4738)和豌豆(晋豌豆3号)为供试材料,采用盆栽试验研究冬小麦和豌豆套作密度配比对冬小麦不同生育时期土壤养分含量、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,孕穗期—抽穗期,M1D1、M1D2、M1D3、M2D1、M2D2和M2D3等6个小麦套作豌豆处理碱解氮含量分别较小麦单作处理提高20.25%、19.37%、17.96%、8.21%、12.6%、24.5%,其中,M2D3处理的最高,达到88.31 mg/kg;灌浆期—乳熟期,M1D1、M1D3、M2D2、M2D3处理碱解氮含量较小麦单作处理分别显著提高11.34%、13.63%、14.87%、24.50%,其中,M2D3处理碱解氮含量最高,达到58.54mg/kg。分蘖期—拔节期,M1D1、M1D2、M2D1和M2D3等4个套作处理的有效磷含量比小麦单作处理分别显著提高20.03%、23.69%、36.32%、37.83%;孕穗期—抽穗期,M1D2、M2D3处理有效磷含量分别较小麦单作处理显著提高29.36%、39.57%;灌浆期—乳熟期,M2D3处理有效磷含量较小麦单作处理显著提高34.78%。小麦花后7~14 d,M2D3处理小麦旗叶叶绿素含量和旗叶光合速率均最高;小麦花后35 d,6个套作处理小麦旗叶叶绿素含量均高于小麦单作处理,M2D3处理的旗叶光合速率较其他处理高。M2D3处理较小麦单作处理小麦产量显著提高了126.03%。M2D3套作处理密度最为合理,培肥和增产效果最好。

To explore the effects of winter wheat and pea intercropping on soil fertility and wheat growth,and find out the suitable intercropping density ratio of two crops,by using winter wheat(Chang 4738)and pea(Jinwandou 3)as experimental materials,the effects of intercropping density ratio of winter wheat and pea on soil nutrient content,photosynthetic characteristics and yield at different growth stages of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that from booting to heading stage,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of M1D1,M1D2,M1D3,M2D1,M2D2 and M2D3 intercropped with pea increased by 20.25%,19.37%,17.96%,8.21%,12.6%and 24.5%,respectively,compared with wheat monoculture.Among them,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen conten of M2D3 treatment was the highest,reaching 88.31 mg/kg.During the period of filling and milk maturity,the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of M1D1,M1D3,M2D1 and M2D3 significantly increased by 11.34%,13.63%,14.87%,24.50%,respectively,compared with wheat monoculture,and the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of M2D3 treatment was the highest,reaching 58.54 mg/kg.From tillering to jointing stage,the available phosphorus content of M1D1,M1D2,M2D1 and M2D3 intercropping treatments increased by 20.03%,23.69%,36.32%and 37.83%,respectively,compared with wheat monoculture.From booting to heading stage,the available phosphorus content of M1D2 and M2D3 treatments significantly increased by 29.36%and 39.57%,respectively,and that of M2D3 treatments was significantly increased by 34.78%from grain filling to milk ripening stage.7-14 d after anthesis,M2D3 treatment had the highest chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf compared with the other treatments and control.At 35 d after anthesis,chlorophyll content in flag leaf of 6 intercropping treatments was higher than that of wheat monoculture,and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of M2D3 treatment was higher than that of the other treatments.M2D3 treatment significantly increased wheat yield by 126.03%compared with wheat monoculture.The density of M2D3 intercropping treatment is the most reasonable,and the effect of fertilization and yield increase is the best.