立式旋耕方式下氮肥不同减施量对小麦产量效应的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Levels Reduced on Wheat Yields under Vertical Rotational Tillage

连续2 a(2017—2018、2018—2019年)研究了立式旋耕方式下,氮肥不同减施量对小麦产量构成及养分利用率的影响,以期为实现小麦化肥减量施用提供参考。结果表明,在小麦季300 kg/hm^2氮肥投入水平下,减施10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)氮肥能增加小麦成熟期叶片干物质质量和千粒质量,降低根干物质质量。减施20%氮肥有利于提高小麦成熟期群体穗数,获得较高小麦产量;减施10%氮肥不会显著降低产量;减施30%氮肥则减产明显,与EF(CK)相比,2018年,RF10、RF30处理分别减产4.79%、15.65%,RF20处理则增产3.02%;2019年,RF10、RF20处理分别增产1.20%、2.17%,RF30处理则减产2.00%。减施20%氮肥能提高氮肥农学利用率,比常规施肥提高13.35%(2018年)、32.11%(2019年);减施10%~30%氮肥均能提高氮肥偏生产力,较CK提高5.81%~28.80%(2018年)、12.45%~40.05%(2019年)。

In this manuscript,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels reduced under vertical rotational tillage method on wheat yields and nutrient use efficiency during two years(2017-2018 and 2018-2019)were studied,so as to obtain rational application levels of nitrogen fertilizer during wheat seasons and provide suitable technologies.The results showed that reduced 10%(RF10),20%(RF20),30%(RF30)of total nitrogen fertilizer(300 kg/hm2)could continuous improve the dry matter accumulation of wheat's leaves,1000-grain quality,and decrease the dry matter accumulation of roots at harvesting stage.It could continuous increase the wheat's populations and obtaine higher grain yields for reducing 20%of total nitrogen fertilizer at harvesting periods.However,reduced 10%of total nitrogen fertilizer could not significantly decrease the wheat yields,reduced 30%total nitrogen fertilizer could decrease the wheat yields.Compared with EF(CK)treatments,the yields of RF10 and RF30 treatments decreased by 4.79%,15.65%,respectively,RF20 treatment increased by 3.02%in 2018,however,the yields of RF10 and RF20 treatments increased by 1.20%、2.17%,resepectively,RF30 treatment decreased by 2.00%in 2019.In addition,compared with EF(CK)treatment,reduced 20%of total nitrogen fertilizer could increase the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,and improved 13.35%in 2018 and 32.11%in 2019,respectively.Reduced 10%-30%of total nitrogen fertilizer could increase partial factor productivity of nitrogen,and improved 5.81%-28.80%in 2018 and 12.45%-40.05%in 2019,respectively.