生态环境政策统筹发展思考

Thinking on the coordinated development of ecology and environment policies

生态环境政策是国家为了完成生态环境保护目标和任务而制定的各种制度规范和保障条件。在打好污染防治攻坚战决胜之年和"十四五"生态环境保护谋篇布局之年,其作用日显重要。生态环境政策本质上是一个"传动系统",把国家生态环境保护的强大动力传递到每个行动者,这些动力分为"推动力、拉动力、行动力"。推动力类政策的特点是限制性和强制性,包括产业政策、生态环境管理政策、督察问责制度等。拉动力类政策的特点是引导性和自愿性等,包括生态环境保护创建活动、生态补偿、优惠政策、财政补贴等。行动力类政策的特点是基础性和持久性,包括绿色教育、信息公开、信用评价、社会舆论监督等。生态环境政策的发展路径是"协同推进、整体优化"。建议对生态环境政策进行机制化管理,开展储备、评估和清理等工作。为此需要加强对生态环境政策制定出台工作的统筹,注重建设生态环境政策研究力量。

Ecology and environment policies are the kind of system norm and guarantee condition that the state formulates in order to accomplish the goal and task of ecology and environment protection.In the year of the decisive battle of pollution prevention and control and the year of the "14 th five-year plan" for ecological and environmental protection,the role of ecology and environment policies are becoming increasingly important.Ecology and environment policies are essentially the "transmission system",which transfers the powerful driving force of national ecological and environmental protection to each actor.These driving forces are divided into "driving force,pulling force and acting force".The driving force policies are restrictive and mandatory,including industrial policies,eco-environmental management policies,and supervisory accountability systems.The characteristics of these pulling force policies are guiding and voluntary,including ecological and environmental protection demonstration activities,ecological compensation,preferential policies and financial subsidies.The acting force policies are characterized by their foundation and durability,including green education,information disclosure,credit evaluation,and public opinion supervision.The development path of ecology and environment policies are "coordinated promotion and overall optimization".It is suggested that the ecology and environment policies should be institutionalized and stored,evaluated and cleaned up.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of the formulation and promulgation of ecology and environment policies and pay attention to the construction of ecology and environment policy research force.