我国排污许可制度立法的三十年历程--兼谈《排污许可管理条例》的目标任务

The progress of legislation on the pollutant discharge permit system in China:the objective and task of Regulations on the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permit

本文将排污许可制度立法经历的三十年划分为产生、发展和改革三个阶段,分别梳理了这三个阶段的立法背景和立法过程中的重大事件和主要过程,并总结了每个阶段的立法特点。通过研究排污许可制度的立法脉络,厘清《排污许可管理条例》中主要内容的发展轨迹,指出立法的主要目标和任务:一是构建以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度体系,明确排污许可制与其他环境管理制度的关系;二是完成覆盖所有固定污染源的排污许可证核发任务;三是强化排污单位主体责任,加强排污许可制度的监管与执法,厘清法律责任。

This paper divides the thirty years of the legislative progress of the pollutant discharge permit system into three stages:generation,development and reform.It teases out the major events and main processes in the legislative background and process,and summarizes the legislative features of these three stages.By studying the legislative context of the pollutant discharge permit system,this paper clarifies the development track of the main contents of Regulations on the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permit.This paper points out the following main objectives and tasks of the legislation.The first is to build the supervision system for fixed pollution sources with the pollutant discharge permit system as its core,and to clarify the relationship between the pollutant discharge permit system and other environmental management systems.The second is to guarantee that all fixed pollution sources are covered under the regulations through issuing pollutant discharge permits.The third is to strengthen the main responsibility of pollutant discharge units,to strengthen the supervision and enforcement of the pollutant discharge permit system,and to clarify the legal responsibilities of different parties.