工商资本参与乡村振兴“跑路烂尾”之谜：基于要素配置的研究视角

The Mystery of Industrial and Commercial Enterprises’ Participation Difficulties in Rural Revitalization: A Study from the Perspective of Factor Allocation

对于工商资本下乡,市场有需求,企业有动力,但是大量工商资本下乡后却"跑路烂尾"。这种现象实质上是企业要素配置长期失衡的最终表现。本文从要素配置的视角建立了分析框架,并运用晋陕黔浙闽鲁鄂蒙8省(自治区)14县(市、区)的案例调查和问卷调查的企业数据,对本文提出的解释命题进行验证。主要研究结论如下:第一,企业管理能力的不适应、要素供求不匹配、市场环境不优化是工商资本下乡后企业经营困难的直接原因;第二,政府对农业领域的过度干预以及农村要素改革系统性、协同性与配套性不足,是工商资本下乡后企业经营管理能力不足且盲目下乡、要素错配、经营困难的深层次原因。围绕研究结论,本文提出了促进工商资本参与乡村振兴的相关政策建议。

While industrial and commercial enterprises have increasingly invested in rural areas,a large amount of them have run out of steam.In essence,this phenomenon is the final manifestation of the long-term imbalance of enterprise factor allocation.This article establishes a framework of analysis from the perspective of factor allocation,and uses the investigation cases and questionnaire surveys collected from 14 counties in 8 provinces to verify the propositions.The main conclusions are as follows.First,problems such as the incompatibility of enterprise management ability,the mismatch between factor supply and demand,and the unsound market environment are the direct reasons for the difficulties of enterprise management.Second,excessive government intervention in the agricultural field and the lack of systematization,coordination and support during the rural factor reforms are the reasons for the insufficiency of enterprise management capability in rural areas.In order to strengthen the leading role of industrial and commercial enterprises in the process of rural revitalization,the study suggests that China should accelerate rural factor market reform.It is also necessary to guide industrial and commercial enterprises to operate in suitable fields and promote the transition of agricultural support policies to functional industrial policies,in order to reduce enterprises’operational risks caused by frequent policy change.