土木工程材料弹性的分析

Analysis of the Elasticity of Civil Engineering Materials

土木工程材料的弹性阶段分为线弹性阶段和非线性弹性阶段。在外力作用下,土木工程材料由线弹性阶段向非线性弹性阶段转变过程中,试件呈现出既有线弹性区又有非线性弹性区。当试件为弹性各向同性时,随着荷载增加,试件由线弹性阶段按梯度向非线性弹性阶段渐变。线弹性阶段的土木工程材料符合Hooke定律。非线性弹性阶段的土木工程材料本构关系模型有弹性体理想模型和低弹性体模型。少数土木工程材料在线弹性阶段为弹性各向同性材料,土木工程材料在非线性弹性阶段表现为弹性各向异性材料。在外力刺激下,处于线弹性阶段的土木工程材料具有应力(应变)记忆行为;在非线性弹性阶段,有些土木工程材料具有应力(应变)记忆行为。有些土木工程材料只对初始应力(应变)状态具有记忆行为,但当卸载到线弹性阶段,又具有应力(应变)记忆行为。

Civil engineering materials elastic stage is divided into linear elastic stage and nonlinear elastic stage.Under the action of external force,during the transformation of civil engineering materials from linear elastic stage to nonlinear elastic stage,the specimen shows that there are both nonlinear elastic zones and existing linear elastic zones.When the specimen is elastic isotropic,the specimen changes from linear elastic stage to nonlinear elastic stage by gradient with the increase of load.The civil engineering materials at the linear elastic stage conform to Hooke's law.The civil engineering materials constitutive relation model of nonlinear elastic stage includes elastomer ideal model and low elastomer model.A few civil engineering materials are elastic isotropic materials in the linear elastic stage,and the civil engineering materials are elastic anisotropic materials in the nonlinear elastic stage.Under the external force stimulation,in the linear elastic stage the civil engineering materials have the stress(strain)memory behavior.In the nonlinear elastic stage,some civil engineering materials have stress(strain)memory behavior.Some civil engineering materials only have memory behavior for the initial stress(strain)state,but also have memory behavior for the stress(strain)when unloading to the linear elastic stage.