一种追求经济平等的理论尝试——对罗尔斯差别原则的解析与评判

Theoretical Attempt on Pursuing Economic Equality——Analysis and Judgment of Rawls’ Difference Principle

罗尔斯是平等的自由主义的代表,关于正义的两个原则是他正义理论的核心和精髓。两个正义原则都体现出明显的平等主义倾向,尤其是差别原则,力求在财富和收入分配不平等的前提下尽可能缩小贫富差距,以促进社会经济平等。差别原则的提出在理论界产生了重大反响,褒贬不一。这就需要从其理论的建构、推导等方面全面深入地理解和剖析差别原则,科学、辨证地把握差别原则的“优缺点”,在坚持马克思正义思想的基础上,吸收差别原则的合理成分,从而为更好地处理当前我国社会主义市场经济下的收入分配和贫富差距问题,进而促进社会公正平等、实现共同富裕提供更加坚实的学理支撑。

Rawls is the representative of equal liberalism,and the two principles of justice are the core and essence of his theory of justice.The two principles of justice reflect a clear trend towards egalitarianism,especially the principle of difference,which strives to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor on the premise of unequal distribution of wealth and income in order to promote social and economic equality.The proposal of the principle of difference has great repercussions and gets mixed reviews in the theoretical circle.It is necessary to fully understand and analyze the principle of difference from the aspects of theoretical construction and derivation,and grasp the“advantages and disadvantages”of the principle of difference scientifically and dialectically.On the basis of adhering to Marx s thought of justice,we should absorb the reasonable elements of the principle of difference to provide a more solid theoretical support for handling the issues of income distribution and the gap between rich and poor better under China’s current socialist market economy so as to promote social justice and equality and realize common prosperity.