检察机关法律监督适用范围省思

Rethinking on the Scope of Legal Supervision of Procuratorial Organ

法律监督是检察机关维护公益,保障法律正确实施的专门、法定职权。30多年来,我国检察机关初步形成了互斥但周延的法律监督场域,一方面扩展对实施法律的司法行为和准司法行为实行诉讼监督;另一方面,增加对实施法律的行政行为实行行政法律监督。随着监察制度和公益诉讼制度的设立和展开,以及检察机关内部机构的调整,发展中的法律监督仍不能适应新的变化,故在明确法律监督根本价值和基本价值的基础上,以法律实施和公益保护为基点,进一步明确法律监督的范畴,以达到诉讼监督和行政法律监督的内部自洽:第一,扩展诉讼监督范畴,将监察机关对职务犯罪案件的调查活动纳入诉讼监督;第二,明确行政法律监督范畴,将行政司法行为纳入行政法律监督;第三,引入损害预防原则,明确对国家利益或社会公共利益产生或可能产生损害的司法行为和行政行为实行法律监督。

The legal supervision is the special and statutory power of China's procurotorial organs to safeguard national interests and social public interests,and to ensure that laws are correctly enforced.In the past 30 years when procurotorial organs developed the direction of carrying out legal supervision,the mutually exclusive but extensive legal supervision field has been formed:on the one hand,procurotorial organs supervise judicial acts in judicial judgement field;on the other hand,procurotorial organs supervise administratively illegal or negative acts in public administrative field.With the establishment and development of the supervisory system and the public interest litigation system,the legal supervision in development still couldn't adapt to the new changes.Therefore,on the basis that the core value and basic value of legal supervision are clarified,the legal supervision should be further adjusted based on law enforcement and public interest protection:first,the scope of litigation supervision should be expanded,incorporating the investigation activities of supervisory organs in abuse-of-power criminal cases into litigation supervision;second,the scope of administrative legal supervision should be expanded,incorporating administrative judicial acts into administrative legal supervision;third,the preventive principle should be introduced to clarify the supervision of judicial acts or administrative acts that cause or may cause damage to national interests or social public interests.