刺参多刺品系子三代池塘养殖中试与效果评价

The pilot test and effect evaluation of the third generation Apostichopus japonicus of the multi-papillate strain in the pond farming

以定向选育的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)多刺品系子三代(G3组)和未经选育的普通刺参(C组)[(50.04±0.02)g/头]为研究对象,在养殖池塘环境中,比较了两个群体在3~10月连续养殖周期内生长指标和关键经济性状的差异。结果表明:在生长指标方面,3-4月G3组和对照组刺参的相对增重率(RWGR)、平均体重、排粪率(DR)均随温度的升高呈升高的趋势,且两组刺参差异不显著(P>0.05),但G3组一直高于对照组;G3组和对照组刺参相对增重率(RWGR)随温度升高呈先下降后上升的趋势;在7月高温期,两组刺参的相对增重率和平均体重都出现了明显下降,排粪率(DR)降为零,刺参进入夏眠状态;8-10月两组刺参相对增重率(RWGR)、平均体重和排粪率随温度下降呈上升趋势,且10月份三项指标均存显著差异(P<0.05)。在经济性状方面,经过3-10月一个周期的连续养殖,G3组在棘刺数量、出皮率和成活率方面均高于对照组,且存在显著差异(P<0.05)。实验数据表明,经过定向选育的刺参多刺品系子三代比未经选育的普通刺参,生长速度提高27.6%,成活率提高17.5%,棘刺数量保持在40个以上且稳定遗传。

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in growth performance and key economic traits between the third generation Apostichopus japonicas of the multi-papillate strain(group G3)and the unselected control strain(group C)with(50.04±0.02)g/head of initial average weight during a breeding period from March to october.The results showed that the relative weight gain rate(RWGR),average weight and defecation rate(DR)of both groups increased with temperature from March to April,and no significant differences was found(P>0.05).But those data of group G3 were higher than those of control group.The RWGRs of the two groups decreased firstly and then increased with increasing temperature.During the high temperature period in July,both RWGR and average weight of A.japonicas fall distinctly,DR dropped to zero,and A.japonicas went into aestivation.Three growth indicators showed an increasing trend opposite to the falling temperature from August to October,but there were significant differences between groups in October(P<0.05).After eight months breeding,the economic traits in terms of the number of the papilla,meat rates and survival rate,were significantly higher in G3 than those in control group(P<0.05).Our results indicated that group G3 had a growth rate of 27.6%and a survival rate of 17.5%higher than the control group.The number of papilla remained more than 40 which could be inherited steadily.