中、高级汉语学习者告别语使用策略调查与分析

A Study on the Ritual Parting Strategies by Learners of CLF——Intermediate-level and High-level as An Example

本文以告别语书面填充问卷的形式对中、高级汉语作为第二语言的学习者使用汉语告别语的情况进行了调查与分析,着重从言语行为策略分析的角度,对汉语母语使用者、第二语言中级汉语学习者及高级汉语学习者的告别语使用策略进行了对比分析。研究发现高级汉语学习者使用汉语告别语的语用策略宏观上与母语者的策略接近,但微观层面上与母语者的策略仍有显著差异,且其在具体语言的使用上明显冗余;中级汉语学习者的告别语语用策略与高级汉语学习者及母语者之间均具有统计学意义的显著差异,特别是致谢式、表白式、承诺式、评价式等几类具体策略。中级汉语阶段是告别语语用教学的关键时期,应加强各类间接告别语及汉语独特性告别方式的语用教学;高级阶段的教学则应强调语言语用的简洁性。

With a discourse completion test, this paper aims to find out the acquisition of the parting strategies of Chinese as a second language, through an investigation and a contrastive analysis from both the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives among 3 groups of testees, which are the group of intermediate-level Chinese learners, the group of high level Chinese learners and the group of Chinese native speakers. As the result of the study, the strategies used by the high-level Chinese Learners are closer to the Chinese native speakers from the macroscopic perspectives, but there’re important differences from the microscopic perspectives;while, the strategies used by the intermediate-level Chinese Learners are different from Chinese native speakers both from the macroscopic and the microscopic perspectives. For a better development of pragmatic competence of ritual partings in a CLF context, we would like to emphasize that the intermediate-level is a key important stage of teaching, and indirect strategies should be the most important teaching content;while in the high-level stage, avoiding redundancies should be included.