论翻译的默会维度

On the tacit dimension of translation

以迈克尔·波兰尼的默会认识论为视角来考察翻译,可对翻译的本质有更深的认识。波兰尼所谓的"默会"具有多层含义,包含不可道的、心领神会的、隐含的、不可逆的、不可传授的及不可批判的含义。从本质上讲,翻译不仅具有默会的维度,而且该维度具有基础性与优先性。具体而言,翻译的本体、过程与习得都是默会的。道家的"不可道"的观点与波兰尼的默会认识论既有相通之处,二者又互为补充,将两者结合起来对翻译的学科属性进行考察,可得出如下结论:翻译总体而言是一门艺术,它不同于科学,好的翻译力求达到形而上之"道"的境界,而差的翻译则沦为形而下之"器(技)"。

Michael Polanyi′s theory of tacit knowledge can help us to better understand the nature of translation. " Tacit" in Polanyi′s theory has multiple meanings,including ineffable,implicit,irreversible,unteachable and Acritical.In essence,translation not just has tacit dimension.Besides,the dimension has the properties of fundamentality and priority.Specifically speaking,the ontology,process and acquisition of translation are all tacit.The ineffability view of Dao could be combined and supplemented with Polanyi′s theory of tacit knowledge.The two were combined to investigate the discipline attribute of translation and the following conclusions were drawn:in general,translation is a kind of art,different from science.Good translation would embody an attempt to achieve the realm of Dao,while poor translation might be reduced to the level of Qi(merely apoor display of skills).