企业出口行业边际的扩张与收缩

Expansion and Contraction of Exporters’ Extensive Margin

本文基于中国2000-2013年海关数据考察了出口企业行业扩展边际的影响机制。研究发现,行业边际变动体现了企业在原有出口经验下追逐政策优惠与巩固市场优势的行为。当主营出口业务获得政策支持或具有市场优势时,企业会更专注于主营行业,反之则更倾向于扩张行业范围。从行业边际变动方向看,企业更倾向进入获得政策支持或具有比较优势的行业,退出缺乏比较优势的行业。进一步,政策支持和比较优势的作用会受出口经验的制约;只有同企业出口行业关联度较高的行业,政策支持才能吸引企业进入和减少企业退出;企业更倾向进入关联度较低的优势行业,寻找差异化产品优势。此外,"政策迎合"行为主要发生在非外商独资出口企业。

Using Chinese customs trade data from between 2000 and 2013, this paper examines the influence mechanism of the exporters’ extensive margin within the industrial sector. Empirical analysis shows that the change in industry margins reflects the pursuit of policy preferences and consolidation of market advantages, restricted within the original exporting experience framework. When the main business receives policy support or has market comparative advantages, firms focus more on the main business;otherwise, they are more inclined to expand their industrial scope. With regard to the changing direction of industry margins, firms prefer to enter industries that are supported by policies or have comparative advantages, and exit those that lack comparative advantages. Further analysis indicates that the effects of policy support and comparative advantage are restricted by the original exporting experience. Only in industries that are highly correlated with the industries to which firms have been exporting can policy support induce firms to enter and prevent them from exiting;however, companies are more likely to enter industries with advantages that have lower correlations and seek differentiated product advantages. Finally, this article reveals that such "policy pandering" behaviours primarily occur in non-foreign-owned enterprises.