多民族与多族群国家整合模式的比较研究——以英国、印度、马来西亚为例

A Comparative Study of the Integration Models of Multi-national and Multi-ethnic States——Taking the UK,India and Malaysia as Examples

无论是早期成立的民族国家,还是二战以来获得独立的民族国家,只要国内存在多民族、多族群,都不得不面对国家整合的难题。英国、印度、马来西亚的案例表明,近代以来的国家整合形成了三种模式:公民民族主义整合模式、文化民族主义整合模式与族群民族主义整合模式。这三种国家整合模式在效果上有以下差异:就国家认同度来看,族群民族主义整合模式与文化民族主义整合模式的效果优于公民民族主义整合模式;就社会包容度来看,公民民族主义整合模式的效果优于其他两种模式。

All the nation-states,whether built in the early period or at independence after World War II,have to face the difficult problem of state integration,if multiple nationalities or ethnic groups exist within them.As the cases of the UK,India and Malaysia show,three models of state integration have been formed in the modern history,namely the civic nationalism-led state integration model,the cultural nationalism-led state integration model,and the ethnic nationalism-led state integration model.These models have shown different state integration effects:in terms of state identity,the ethnic nationalism-led state integration model and the cultural-nationalism-led state integration model are more effective than the civic nationalism-led state integration model;while in terms of social inclusion,the civic nationalism-led state integration model is more effective than the other two models.