合供:过去、现在与未来

Coproduction:Past, Present, and Future

公共政策的执行效果、公共产品的数量和质量往往都要依赖公众的合供(coproduction)。不管是教育、健康,还是环保等领域的公共政策,离开了公众合供,就难以达到预期政策效果。但对于合供的研究,学界并没有给予与之在现实中地位相称的重视。本文梳理相关文献,提出合供需要一个灵活的框架来兼容多种定义。通过回顾合供研究经历的三个阶段:20世纪80年代的萌芽时期、1990-2010年的缓慢进展期、2010年以后的全面爆发期,本文指出新进展主要在于关注微观层面的个体动机和宏观层面的合供绩效。本文认为,未来的合供研究除了关注微观动机和宏观绩效外,也需要关注非营利组织以及有效信息沟通在合供中的作用。

The effectiveness of public policies and the quantity and quality of public goods and services depend on citizens’ coproduction. Without citizens participating in coproduction, public policies, such as educational, healthy, and environmental policies, cannot achieve the desired outcomes. However, there is a gap between the significance of coproduction in reality and scholarly studies focusing on the topic.This study reviewed relevant literature and suggested that a flexible framework is necessary to be compatible with multiple definitions of coproduction. Three periods of coproduction research-the beginning in the 1980 s, the slow progress from 1990 to 2010, and the rapid development after 2010-were documented. The study also discussed the latest advances in individual coproduction motivation at the micro-level and performance measurement at the macro-level. The study concluded that, in addition to researching micro motivation and macro performance, future studies need to pay attention to the roles of nonprofit organizations and effective communications in coproduction.