肿瘤代谢:肝癌精准诊疗新视角

Cancer metabolism:a novel perspective on precision diagnosis and treatment for liver cancer

代谢重编程是肿瘤的重要特征之一。肝脏是体内三大营养物质糖、脂质、氨基酸代谢的重要枢纽。肝细胞癌(HCC)中可呈现多种特征性代谢改变,如有氧糖酵解增加、脂肪从头合成增强、谷氨酰胺消耗和氧化代谢失衡等,从而为快速生长和增殖的肿瘤细胞提供能量和生物大分子合成原料。肿瘤代谢重编程过程受代谢酶活性改变、基因表达异常、信号转导通路失调等多因素调节。高通量代谢组学技术的进步为发现新的HCC生物标志物和代谢靶点提供了平台。深入研究HCC的代谢特征及调控机制对于以肿瘤代谢为靶点的新型抗代谢药物的研发至关重要。

Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a hallmark of cancer.Liver is an essential hub in the body for the metabolism of three major nutrients including glucose,lipids and amino acids.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)usually presents a variety of changes in characteristic metabolism,such as increased aerobic glycolysis,enhanced de novo lipid synthesis,glutamine depletion,and oxidative metabolism imbalance,which can provide energy and bio-macromolecular raw materials for rapidly growing and proliferating tumor cells.The process of tumor metabolic reprogramming is regulated by multiple factors,such as alterations in metabolic enzyme activity,abnormal gene expression,and signaling pathway disturbance.Advances in high-throughout metabolomics technology have provided a powerful platform for discovering the novel biomarkers and metabolic targets of HCC.Therefore,in-depth study of the metabolic characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of HCC is critical for the development of novel antimetabolites.