马歇尔分成租佃制真的导致土地资源利用“无效率”——基于20世纪30年代卜凯农家调查资料的检验

Does Marshallian Sharecropping Conducive to the Inefficient Use of Land?——Base on the Survey Data of Buck’s Peasant Household In 1930S

由分成租佃制导致土地产出减少的"马歇尔无效率"一直是学术界研究的热点话题。许多实证研究尝试通过土地产出率、劳动—土地比率以及地租等对这一理论的正确性进行检验,但这些都无法体现经济学理论中资源利用遵循边际均等法则。本文通过对国内外文献关于分成租佃制理论的系统梳理,基于佃农收入最大化的目标,对佃农理论模型进行修正。在此基础上,结合20世纪30年代卜凯农家调查资料,实证检验了分成租佃制下土地资源利用效率问题。研究结果表明:(1)在土地同质的条件下,分成佃农、定额佃农和自耕农的土地边际生产力并不存在显著差异,分成租佃制下土地资源利用是有效率的。(2)土地边际生产力的相对差异,一方面导致土地租佃比率发生变化,另一方面通过租佃制度进行灵活的规模调整,从而实现土地资源配置的优化。

"Marshallian Inefficiency",which Sharecropping leads to reduction of land output,has been a hot topic in academic research.Some empirical studies have tested the validity of the theory through land-output rate,labor land ratio,and rent.However,previous research can not reflect the resource utilization following the principle of marginal equality in economic theory.This paper first systematically reassesses the theory of sharecropping at home and abroad,based on the goal of maximizing the income of the tenants,and amended the theory model of share.Then we combined with the survey data of Buck’s peasant household in the 1930s,and empirically tested the comparative efficiency with which land is cultivated among share-rented and fix-rented(owner-operated).The results show that under the condition of land homogeneity,there is no significant difference in the marginal productivity of land among share-rented and fixrented(owner-operated),namely,sharecropping conducive to the land resource-use efficiency.In addition,the relative differences in the marginal productivity of the land,on the one hand,leading to the land tenancy transaction volume changed,on the other hand,flexible adjustment of the scale through the tenancy system to further optimize the allocation of land resources.