王造时的国家理论研究

Wang Zaoshi’s Theoretical Study of the State

王造时是抗战时期著名的"七君子"之一,是中国现代史上著名的政治理论家和政治活动家。研究其政治思想,特别是他有关国家理论的形成与演变过程,可以加深了解20世纪20年代到40年代中国政治思想发展的轨迹。王造时早期的国家理论比较简单,就是提倡新国家主义,赞赏美国的政治制度,推崇英国费边社会主义的渐进改良的主张。20世纪30年代初,王造时学成回国后,面对中国的国情,结合他在英美所学的政治理论,提出了一系列比较成熟的国家思想,即有关政党、宪政、治国的思想。其回国不久即面临抗战,因而王造时在这一时期有关的国家理论主要是围绕抗日救亡的具体主张来展开的。研究王造时的国家理论,可看出他深受费边社会主义及其主要代表人物拉斯基的影响,主张渐进、改良,反对暴力、革命。但他最终改变了立场,拥护中国共产党的革命主张;同时他强烈要求民主宪政,呼吁团结抗日。这是值得提倡和称赞的,也是他对中国历史发展的两大贡献。

Wang Zaoshi is a famous political theorist and activist in modern Chinese history, and one of the famous "seven gentlemen" during the Anti-Japanese War. Studying his political thought, especially his formation and evolution process of the state theory, can deepen the understanding of the development track of Chinese political thought from 1920 s to 1940 s. The state theory in the early days of Wang’s reign was relatively simple: advocating new nationalism, admiring the American political system and advocating the progressive improvement of Fabian socialism in Britain. In the early 1930 s, after Wang Zaoshi finished his studies and returned to China, he put forward a series of mature national thoughts, namely, thoughts on political parties, constitutionalism and governance, in the face of China’s national conditions and combined with the political theories he had learned in Britain and America. Not long after Wang Zaoshi returned to China, he faced the war of resistance against Japanese aggression. Therefore, his theories about countries during the war of resistance against Japanese aggression mainly focused on the specific propositions of Anti-Japanese War and national salvation. By studying Wang Zaoshi’s theory of state, we can see that he was deeply influenced by Fabian socialism and its main representative, Laski who advocated gradual improvement and opposed violence and revolution, but he eventually switched sides and embraced the party’s revolutionary ideas. Meanwhile, he strongly demanded democratic constitutionalism and called for unity against Japan. This is worth advocating and praising, and is also his two major contributions to the development of Chinese history.