结核分枝杆菌抑制吞噬体-溶酶体形成机制研究进展

Research Progress on mechanism of inhibition of phagosome-lysosome formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

吞噬作用在机体对结核分枝杆菌进行降解、呈递、激活适应性免疫反应和清除病原的过程中不可或缺。在吞噬过程中,吞噬体囊泡发展成为成熟吞噬体需经过溶酶体融合、降低腔内pH值、酶的激活等一系列过程,并最终破坏吞噬微生物。单核细胞和巨噬细胞等吞噬细胞通过形成吞噬溶酶体参与宿主防御,而结核分枝杆菌表现出显著的阻断吞噬体成熟的能力,从而逃避宿主防御,并最终导致机体患病。本文就结核分枝杆菌抑制吞噬体-溶酶体形成机制的研究进展进行综述,以期为疾病的早期控制和新药的开发提供参考。

Phagocytosis is indispensable in the process of degradation,presentation,activation of adaptive immune response and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.In the process of phagocytosis,the development of phagosome vesicles into mature phagosomes requires a series of processes including lysosomal fusion,lowering the pH in the cavity,activation of enzymes,and finally destroying phagocytic microorganisms.Phagocytes,such as monocytes and macrophages,participate in host defense by forming phagolysosomes,while Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a significant ability to block the maturation of phagosomes,thus escaping the host defenses and eventually leading to the disease.This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of inhibition of phagocyte-lysosome formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,in order to provide a reference for the early control of disease and the development of new drugs.