“名实分离”：雍正帝对大学士选任制度的改革——兼谈阁权的“变异”

’Consolidated but Disassembled——The Enlarged Grand Secretariat but The Degraded Cabinet under Emperor Yongzheng’s Election and Appointment System Reform

雍正帝在大学士选任制度上进行了一系列新尝试。其举措出现了外任大学士、协办大学士、额外大学士等多种形式,他一方面通过提高大学士品级巩固大学士文臣首领的地位;另一方面,也通过"名实分离"的方式虚化和拆解阁权,使原本单一的"阁权"发生变异。

Emperor Yongzheng’s(雍正) government reformed election and appointment of the grand secretaries of the Grand Secretariat by increasing the stuff with additional titles like assistant secretary and off-staff secretary and so on, which works to consolidate the cabinet headed by the grand secretaries. But, in reality, the cabinet power was degraded by disassembled responsibilities. Emperor Yongzhen’s( 雍正) reform was to strengthen his central power over the grand cabinet this way.