流行病学研究新进展

New progress in epidemiological research

流行病学是一门方法学与应用科学相融合的学科,预防和控制疾病、促进健康是其学科使命。本研究从传染病、慢性病、系统流行病学、实施性研究和健康医疗大数据5个方面介绍流行病学的新进展。传染病领域的新工程与不断涌现的新技术令人振奋,同时病原体变异的环境影响因素需得到更多重视。慢性病领域需更加重视老年人群共病问题;感染性诱发因素、人体菌群在慢性病发生发展过程中的作用逐渐被揭示。系统流行病学是现代流行病学的新兴分支与重要补充,对实现精准预防具有重要意义。实施性研究是连接医学基础科研与公共卫生实践的桥梁,将为健康中国行动计划的有效落实提供证据支持。健康医疗大数据的发展以数字化公共卫生为基础,为流行病学提供广阔的科研平台和丰富的数据资源,也将推动公共卫生服务管理模式的根本转变。

Epidemiology is a discipline integrating methodology and applied science,whose mission is to prevent and control diseases and promote health.This review introduces the new progress of epidemiology from five aspects:communicable diseases,chronic diseases,systems epidemiology,implementation research and big data of health care.New projects and constantly emerging technologies in the field of infectious diseases are inspiring,while more attention should be paid to the environmental factors of pathogen variation.In the field of chronic diseases,there is an urgent need to study the multimorbidity of the elderly.The role of infectious inducers and human microbiota in the occurrence and development of chronic diseases has been gradually revealed.Systems epidemiology,which is of great significance to achieve precision prevention is a new branch and an important supplement of modern epidemiology.Implementation research,is a bridge connecting basic scientific research and public health practice and will provide evidence to support the effective implementation of the Health China Action Plan.The development of health care big data is based on digital public health,which provides a broad research platform and abundant data resources for epidemiology,and will promote the fundamental transformation of the service and management mode of public health.