深圳市南山区学龄前儿童冷执行功能及其影响因素调查研究

Investigation and study on cool executive function and the influencing factors among preschool children in Nanshan District,Shenzhen

目的 调查深圳市南山区学龄前儿童冷执行功能特征,并探讨其家庭状况方面的影响因素。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方式在南山区心理筛查的托幼机构中随机抽取6所,对其3~5岁幼儿进行维度变化卡片任务(DCCS)测试。结果 共测试355人,3岁~组儿童得分最低,5岁~组儿童得分最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。父亲大学及以上学历组得分大于父亲专科及以下学历组,家庭月收入≥3万组得分大于家庭月收入<1万组,省市级幼儿园儿童得分大于无等级幼儿园的儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistics回归显示儿童年龄和父亲学历是DCCS结果的保护因素。结论 儿童年龄越大、儿童父亲学历越高DCCS结果更容易正确,另外DCCS结果受家庭经济条件、教育条件影响。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cold executive function among preschool children in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,explore the influencing factors of their family status.Methods Six kindergartens were randomly selected from Nanshan District,dimension change card sort task(DCCS)test was conducted among the children aged 3-5 years old.Results A total of 355 children were tested,the score in children in 3 year-group was the lowest,while the score in children in 5 year-group was the highest,there was statistically significant difference(P<0.01).The score of children of fathers whose degree were university and above was statistically significantly higher than that of children of fathers whose degree were college and below,the score of children whose monthly family income was more than30000 Yuan was statistically significantly higher than that of children whose monthly family income was less than 30000 Yuan,the score of children in kindergartens at province and city levels was statistically significantly higher than that of children in non-graded kindergartens(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age and paternal educational level were protective factors of DCCS results.Conclusion The results of DCCS are correct in older children and the children whose paternal educational levels are high.DCCS results are affected by socioeconomic status and educational conditions.