福州地区绝经后妇女随访骨密度年变化情况分析

Analysis of annual changes of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Fuzhou

目的探讨绝经后妇女随访骨密度年变化的规律。方法选取福州地区绝经后妇女进行问卷调查及随访,采用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎及左侧股骨上段骨密度,按有无服用钙片及相关治疗和随访时间等因素分组分析骨密度年变化情况。结果参与随访共206人,平均年龄(61.35±5.50)岁。随访期间,服用钙片及相关治疗组(以下简称“干预组”)的骨折发生率为7.69%,未服用钙片及相关治疗组(以下简称“未干预组”)为16.00%。干预组的腰椎、股骨颈、大转子骨密度年变化量分别为-0.021 g/cm^2、-0.030 g/cm^2、-0.027 g/cm^2;未干预组的腰椎、股骨颈、大转子骨密度年变化量分别为0.007 g/cm^2、-0.022 g/cm^2、-0.017 g/cm^2。干预组随访者腰椎骨密度随随访时间的增加而增加,而未干预组随访者在随访的前3年间骨密度增加,随后骨密度开始降低。左侧股骨上段两部位,有无干预两组在随访期间骨密度均降低,其中干预组大转子骨密度降低较股骨颈更快,而在随访前3年,未干预组大转子骨密度降低较股骨颈快,随后股骨颈骨密度降低较大转子更快。结论随访发现,腰椎骨密度干预效果较好,髋部干预效果不佳。不同部位骨密度流失情况存在差异,左侧股骨上段较腰椎骨密度流失更快。随着随访时间的增加,不同部位的骨密度变化均趋于稳定。

Objective To explore the regularity of annual changes of bone mineral density(BMD)in postmenopausal women during follow-up.Methods Questionnaire survey and follow-up were performed in postmenopausal women in Fuzhou.BMD of the lumbar vertebrae,left femoral neck,and left greater trochanter was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The annual changes in BMD were analyzed according to the treatment with or without calcium tablets and follow-up time,etc.Results A total of 206 participants were followed up.The average age was 61.35±5.50 years old.During the follow-up period,the incidence of fracture was 7.69%in the intervention group and 16.00%in the non-intervention group.The annual changes of BMD of the lumbar spine,femoral neck and trochanter in intervention group were-0.021 g/cm^2,-0.030 g/cm^2,and-0.027 g/cm^2.The annual changes of BMD of the lumbar spine,femoral neck and trochanter in non-intervention group were 0.007 g/cm^2,-0.022 g/cm^2,-0.017 g/cm^2.BMD of the lumbar spine increased in intervening group during the follow-up.In the non-intervening group,it increased in the first three years of follow-up,and then decreased.BMD of the greater trochanter decreased faster than that of the femoral neck in the intervention group during the follow-up period.In the non-intervention group,BMD of the greater trochanter decreased faster in the first three years of follow-up,and then decreased faster in the femoral neck.Conclusion The result show that the effect of intervention is better in the lumbar BMD than that in the hip.There is difference in BMD loss in different parts of the body.The loss of BMD in the left upper femur is faster than that in the lumbar spine.With the increase of follow-up time,the changes of BMD in different parts tend to be stable.