外泌体在骨重建以及骨质疏松中的研究进展

Advances in exosomes on bone remodeling and osteoporosis

外泌体作为一种细胞间进行通讯的介质,既可以和靶细胞融合,将其中包裹的物质转移到靶细胞,介导细胞之间的信息交流,还可以修饰靶细胞的表型和功能,因此在临床诊断及治疗中具有重要的应用价值。目前外泌体被认为是细胞间信息交流的重要方式,同时也是疾病诊断的潜在生物标志物。最新研究发现,不同细胞来源的外泌体在骨重建中发挥了重要的调控作用。外泌体可以调控破骨细胞、成骨细胞以及骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖、分化和成熟,从而影响骨吸收和形成;同时外泌体在血管外再生以及组织新生方面可能起到重要作用。另外,外泌体在骨质疏松症的诊断、治疗以及作为疾病进展预后的预测指标方面也有很高的应用前景。本文将主要针对骨来源的外泌体生物学特性及其在骨重建以及骨质疏松中的相关研究进行简要综述。

Exosomes have become a research hotspot recently.They can modify the phenotype and function of the target cells.They play important roles in intercellular communication,and represent potential roles as a new biological marker.Previous studies found that exosomes derived from different cells have significant roles in the regulation of bone remodeling.Exosomes could regulate the proliferation,differentiation and maturity of osteoclasts,osteoblasts and bone mesenchymal stem cells,and then influence the bone resorption and formation.Meanwhile,exosomes could play an essential role in angiogenesis and tissue regeneration.It also has been found that exosomes have a promising prospect in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of osteoporosis.This review aims to summarize the biological property of bone-derived exosomes and their roles in bone remodeling and osteoporosis.