人造板用大豆蛋白胶黏剂研究进展

Research progress of soy protein adhesive for wood-based composites

目前人造板用胶黏剂仍以醛类树脂胶黏剂为主导,存在人居环境甲醛污染和依赖化石资源等问题。随着人们环保意识提高、不可再生资源日益减少以及人造板环保等级要求的不断提升,以生物质资源为原料、水为分散介质的大豆蛋白胶黏剂,作为一种环保、可再生木材胶黏剂显示出巨大的发展潜力,但其耐水胶接性能差等问题仍制约其工业化应用,为木材工业研究热点之一。笔者综述了近年来国内外研究者在提高人造板用大豆蛋白胶黏剂耐水胶接性能方面的研究进展,重点介绍了提高大豆蛋白胶黏剂耐水胶接性能的改性方法,并分析了其改性机制与存在问题,包括蛋白质变性、接枝改性、酶改性、交联改性、大豆多糖改性、仿生改性、纳米材料改性、复合改性等,同时对提高大豆蛋白胶黏剂固体含量、降低黏度、改善抗霉变性能等方面研究进行了综述。探讨了大豆蛋白胶黏剂改性研究方向,并对其科学意义以及应用发展趋势进行了展望,以期为生物质木材胶黏剂的深入研究和在木材工业中的进一步推广应用提供理论与经验指导。

The wood-based composites manufactured by fast growing wood and adhesive are mainly used for making furniture and flooring.Recent years,the wood-based composite consumption in China has reached 300 million cubic meters per year,which takes more than 50%of the world total.About 90%of wood adhesives are formaldehyde-based resins,such as urea formaldehyde resin,melamine formaldehyde resin,and phenol formaldehyde resin,which plays a dominant role in the wood-based composites fabrication industry.However,formaldehyde-based adhesives have formaldehyde emission and over rely on non-renewable petrochemical resources issue.With the increasing of people s awareness on indoor environmental protection and human health,to develop an environment friendly and renewable wood based products from biomass becomes an urgent need for the wood adhesive industrial.Thus,the soy protein-based adhesive has been rapidly developed for fabricating green wood-based composites due to its environmentally friendly and renewable performances.However,there are some drawbacks of soy protein-based adhesives which limits the industrial application,such as poor water resistance,high viscosity,low solid content,easy mildew,etc.In this paper,the research progresses of the soy protein-based adhesive in improving the water-resistance and bonding performance properties in recent years were reviewed.The reinforcement mechanism of the soy protein-based adhesive was introduced,including protein denaturation,graft modification,enzyme modification,cross-linking modification,soybean polysaccharide modification,biomimetic modification,nanomaterial modification,compound modification,etc.The researches on the improving of the solid content and mildew resistance properties,and the decreasing of the adhesive viscosity was also reviewed.Problems in current research and research tendency of the soy protein-based adhesive were discussed.The scientific significance and application tendency of the soy protein-based adhesive were also prospected in this paper.This paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for the in-depth study of biomass wood adhesives,which will further promote the modification and application of the bio-based adhesive in the wood industry.