冀北雨养旱地玉米垄膜沟播聚水种植模式研究

Study on Planting Model of Corn Planting with Ridge Film and Furrow Sowing and Water Accumulation in Rain-fed Dryland of Northern Hebei

在张家口雨养旱作区通过田间试验,采用2种垄膜沟播聚水种植模式与常规半膜覆盖和露地平播种植相对比,研究不同处理对玉米生育期间根层土壤水分、温度及生物产量和降水利用率的影响。结果表明,垄膜沟播聚水种植模式聚雨效果明显,垄膜沟播较露地平播苗期增加积温,对玉米生育前期有明显的增温效果。水分利用效率和综合经济效益表现为垄膜沟播垄宽:沟宽=70 cm∶40 cm>垄膜沟播垄宽:沟宽=80 cm∶30 cm>常规半膜覆盖>露地。垄膜沟播聚水种植模式可有效解决雨养旱地玉米播种-拔节和灌浆-成熟期间的干旱问题,且出苗整齐一致,容易回收残膜,垄膜沟播垄宽∶沟宽=70 cm∶40 cm聚水种植模式综合效益最佳。

Field experiments were carried out in rain-fed dry farming area of Zhangjiakou, the effects of different treatments on soil moisture, temperature, biomass yield and precipitation utilization efficiency of root layer during maize growth were studied by comparing two ridge and furrow planting patterns with conventional semi-film mulching and open-field planting(CK). The results showed that the rain accumulation effect of furrow film sowing and water accumulation planting mode was obvious, the accumulated temperature of ridge film furrow sowing was more than 70 ℃, and the water use efficiency(Wue) and comprehensive economic benefit were as follows: Ridge film furrow sowing 70 cm∶40 cm > ridge film furrow sowing 80 cm∶30 cm > conventional semi-film mulching > CK.Ridge film furrow sowing and water-accumulating planting mode can effectively solve the drought problem of Rainfed Dryland Maize during sowing-jointing and grouting-maturity period, and seedling emergence is neat and consistent, and it is easy to recover residual film. The comprehensive benefit of water accumulation planting mode at 70 cm∶40 cm by ridge film and furrow sowing was the best.