简析日本国家神道对天理教的改造(1868—1945)

An Analysis of Shinto’s Reform towards Natural Religion in Japan (1868—1945)

幕末维新时期日本社会的剧烈变革催生了诸多新宗教团体,这些新兴的宗教团体倡导平等、博爱,追求现世利益,与权力阶层、支配阶层形成鲜明的对立。明治维新以后,日本政府在国家神道的思想路线下确立了近代天皇制,新宗教团体在严厉的宗教压迫下纷纷选择妥协,对原本的教义进行修改,放弃了与政府之间的对立,成为推行“尊皇、爱国、敬神”的“国民教化”运动的参与者,并且积极在殖民地开展传教活动。

In the late Shogunate and early Meiji period,giant changes of reform in Japanese society led to the emergence of many new religious groups,which advocate equality and fraternity and pursue the profit of the world.They formed a sharp opposition with the powerful class and the dominant class.After the Meiji Reform,Japanese government established the modern Mikado system under the ideological way of national Shinto.Under severe religious oppression,new religious groups have chosen to compromise with the government,revising their original doctrines and abandoning their opposition to the government.Those groups became a participant in the“nationalization”campaign of“respecting the emperor,patriotism and godliness”,and actively carried out missionary activities in the colonies,which became an accomplice of Japanese colonial aggression.