初次分配扭曲、转移性支出失灵与城乡收入差距研究

The Distortion of Primary Income Distribution,Transfer Expenditure Failure and Urban-Rural Inequality

在当前新常态背景下,影响中国收入差距的因素中城乡收入差距的不断扩大已成为其中最主要因素。因此,城乡收入差距的解决事关社会和谐稳定进而实现中国经济持续健康发展。文章在理论分析的基础上,利用中国的省级面板数据和差分广义矩、系统广义矩的方法将初次分配水平、转移性支出与城乡收入差距纳入同一个分析框架进行实证分析。研究发现:导致我国城乡收入差距变大的重要原因之一是初次分配中劳动报酬比重的下降和转移性支出失灵。应该提高初次分配中劳动者报酬比重,同时,为缩小城乡收入差距、缓解收入分配不均问题,应提高农村居民的社会保障待遇、加大教育和医疗方面的公共投资。

In the background of China’s New Normal,the increasing gap in urban-rural income is the main driver of income inequality of China.The settlement of the income inequality between urban and rural areas is related to social harmony and stability and is crucial to realize the sustainable and healthy development of China’s economy.This paper explains how the distortion of primary income and transfer expenditure failure influence the urban-rural inequality.We also do the positive analysis using the provincial panel data.We use the difference and system GMM estimator in the positive analysis to correct the endogeneity of some variables.It is found that the distortion of primary income distribution and transfer expenditure failure enlarge the urban-rural inequality significantly.It is suggested that government policy should increases the proportion of labor income in income distribution and change the transfer expenditure that increases social security benefits for rural residents and public investment in education and medical care to shorten the urban-rural inequality.