福建省农村高龄老年人幸福感与健康投入的相关性研究

Correlation between happiness and health input among the elderly in rural areas of Fujian Province

目的了解福建省农村高龄老年人幸福感和健康投入的现状,分析幸福感与健康投入的相关性,为构建符合高龄老年人要求的养老保障体系提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样法选取福建省福州、厦门、泉州地区居住在农村的高龄老年人400名作为调查对象,分别使用自行设计调查表、汉化版纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表、健康投入量表,对调查对象的进行一般情况、幸福感和健康投入情况进行问卷调查,并对幸福感与健康投入的相关性进行统计分析。结果幸福感总得分为(29.23±9.55)分,健康投入总得分(36.17±8.77)分。高水平投入者占比22.5%,健康投入水平过低者占比为1.0%。月收入、曾经从事的职业、经济满足度、自觉健康状态、慢性病种数不同的高龄老年人在幸福感、健康投入方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。幸福感、正性情感、正性体验与健康投入均呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.442、0.370和0.429),负性情感、负性体验与健康投入均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.237、-0.320)。结论农村高龄老人的幸福感水平属于中等,健康投入不高,健康投入水平可影响其主观幸福感,尤其是正性情感和正性体验。故应加强教育,鼓励高龄老人增加健康投入,以实现积极养老和健康老龄化的目标。

Objective To understand the current situation of happiness and health input among the elderly in rural areas of Fujian Province,analyze the correlation between happiness and health input,and build the old-age security that meets the requirements of the elderly.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 senior citizens aged 80 years old and above who met the inclusion criteria using the Chinese version of the Newfoundland Memorial University Happiness Scale and Health Input Scale.Results The total score of well-being was(29.23±9.55)and the total score of health input was(36.17±8.77).The proportion of high level health investment was 22.5%,and the proportion of low level health investment was 1.0%.Incoming monthly,previous occupation,economic satisfaction,conscious health status and the number of chronic diseases among the elderly were significantly different in terms of well-being and health investment(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between well-being,positive emotion,positive experience and health input(r=0.442,0.370,0.429).Negative emotion,negative experience and health input were negatively correlated(r=-0.237,-0.320).Conclusion The level of well-being of the elderly in rural areas is moderate,and the health investment is not high.The level of health investment is associated with their subjective well-being,especially positive emotions and positive experiences.Therefore,education should be strengthened to encourage older people to increase their health investment in order to achieve the goal of active retirement and healthy aging.