施米特与“拦阻者”学说

Carl Schmitt and the Concept of the Katechon

德国公法学家施米特的《大地的法》是其国际法理论的代表作,其中"拦阻者"学说对理解全书构思极为紧要。"拦阻者"概念在施米特政治神学中具有核心地位,这一神学概念同中世纪基督教帝国之间的内在关联是理解《大地的法》之论述框架的关键。"拦阻者"形象出现在施米特诸多著述中,忽视这一细节就难以把握施米特政治思想的神学底蕴。"拦阻者"学说具有明显的论战性质:施米特不仅运用这一神学形象抵制终末论幻想,而且为阻击各种世俗化了的终末神学提供了强有力的思想武器。本文以"拦阻者"概念为核心线索,具体梳理这一论说在中世纪的神学渊源及其在施米特著作中的思想内涵。

In The Nomos of the Earth,a representative works of the international law written by the German jurist Carl Schmitt,the doctrine of the katechon is of great importance to understand the total construct of this book.The concept of the katechon plays a central role in Schmitt’s political theology,whose inherent connection with the Christianity in the Middle Ages is the key to understanding the analysis framework of this book.Since the image of the katechon appears in a few of Schmitt’s works,the ignorance of this detail will lead to great difficulties in grasping the theological foundation of his political thoughts.Endowing this concept of the katechon with the obvious nature of argument,Schmitt not only employs this theological image to resist the illusion of eschatology,but provides a powerful ideological weapon to stop all kinds of secularized eschatology as well.Centering around this core concept of katechon,this paper reviews its origin with theology in the Middle Ages,and its ideological connotations in Schmitt’s works.