环境规制、技术投入与工业转型升级——基于中国地级及以上城市面板数据的经验分析

Environmental Regulation,Technology Input and Industrial Transformation and Upgrading:An Empirical Analysis of the Panel Data of the Prefecture-Level and Higher-Level Cities in China

使用2005-2017年中国287个地级及以上城市(省会城市、直辖市)的面板数据,研究环境规制、技术投入与工业行业转型升级的关系。检验结果支持新古典经济学关于在企业部门不存在"创新补偿"效应的主张,认为环境规制自身对工业行业转型升级不存在显著影响;企业技术投入是工业转型升级的直接推动力量,但地方政府技术投入对工业转型的作用不显著。应坚持"市场决定"的原则,通过完善市场机制,充分发挥市场自身的功能,引导、激励企业成为工业转型的主要推动力量。在政府部门"创新补偿"效应显著存在,意味着应当由以政府"有形之手"为主治理环境,而以市场"无形之手"为主促进产业转型升级。进一步的分区检验则认为,中部地区在企业部门存在"创新补偿"效应,而东部地区则在政府部门存在"创新补偿效应",因此,我国的环境政策应该在不同区域间有所差别,在东部地区坚持以完善市场为主促进转型升级,而在中部地区可以适当运用政府环境规制政策倒逼产业转型升级。

With the panel data of 287 prefecture-level and higher-level cities(provincial capital and centrallyadministered cities)in China from 2005 to 2017,this paper studies the relationship between environmental regulation,technology investment,and the transformation and upgrading of industries.The empirical results favor the view of new classical economics that there is no"innovation compensation"effect in the enterprise sector,holding that environmental regulation has no significant impact on industrial transformation and upgrading.Technology investment of an enterprise is the direct driving force of industrial transformation and upgrading,but that from the local government has no significant impact on industrial transformation.It is suggested to adhere to the principle of"market decision",improving the market mechanism to fully exert the functions of market itself while guiding and encouraging the enterprises to become the main driving forces of industrial transformation.However,the"innovation compensation"effect is significant in the government departments,implying to take dominant advantage of the"visible hand"of the government to manage the environment,and the"invisible hand"of the market to promote industrial transformation and upgrading.Furthermore,a regional empirical test shows that"innovation compensation"effect exists in the enterprise sector in the central region,but in the government sector in the eastern region.Therefore,China’s environmental policies should be different in different regions.In the eastern region,great importance should be attached to the improvement of market to promote the transformation and upgrading while the government environmental regulation policy can be properly used in the central region so as to reversely motivate the industrial transformation and upgrading.