绿水资源研究进展及评述

RESEARCH PROGRESS AND COMMENTARY OF GREEN WATER RESOURCES

[目的]基于蓝水绿水概念,综述总结国内外绿水资源的研究进展和发展趋势,以期为国内绿水模拟和绿水管理研究提供相关参考依据。[方法]通过文献分析法和比较归纳法,阐述了绿水资源在水资源评估规划中的重要作用和开发利用潜力,评价了国内外绿水模拟的研究方法、研究进展与局限性因素,分析了气候变化和人类活动对绿水资源的影响,探讨了流域绿水管理的基本理念与应用发展。[结果](1)绿水资源表示水循环通过降水渗透入土壤非饱和层并由植物蒸腾或土壤蒸发返回大气层的水汽,是农业作物生产的重要基础,但是通常被传统流域水资源管理所忽视。(2)绿水模拟分析结果表明,全球尺度的陆地水资源总量中绿水资源平均占65%,全球尺度农业用地(作物生产期)的绿水资源比例平均占82%,因此绿水的开发利用潜力相对较大,忽视绿水资源量可能会低估水资源可用性。(3)绿水参数率定、遥感ET数据校准、时空尺度转换和不确定性分析等关键问题是提升绿水模拟精度的重点研究方向。(4)基于气候变化和人类活动影响下,水资源稳定性相对减弱的可能趋势,将绿水纳入流域水资源管理体系,有利于客观评估水资源量,能够为应对解决水缺乏、水波动与水冲突等水资源问题拓宽思路。(5)绿水管理是合理优化配置流域蓝水绿水资源,协调平衡流域整体社会经济与生态环境效益,且兼顾上下游公平效率的新型流域水资源开发管理模式。[结论]应对水资源问题的两个基本方向即“开源节流”,绿水资源作为开源的重要方向,绿水管理作为节流的基本措施,理应受到重点关注。绿水概念和绿水管理是在水量平衡基础上,实现流域水资源合理优化配置及高效利用的可行途径。

Based on the blue and green water concept,this paper summarizes the research progress and development trend of green water resources in China and all over the world,which expects to provide relevant references for the future study on the green water simulation and green water management.Through literature analysis and comparative induction,we expounded the important role of green water resources and its exploitative potential in the water resources management,and reviewed the research methods,research progress and limitations of green water simulation.Furthermore,we analyzed the impacts of the climate change and human activity on green water resources,and the basic concept and application development of green water management in the river basin.The results show that(1)Green water resources indicate that the precipitation infiltrate into the soil unsaturated layer and return to atmosphere by the plant transpiration and soil evaporation through hydrologic cycle,which is an important basis for the production of agricultural crops,however,it is usually ignored by traditional water resources management in the river basin.(2)At the global scale,green water resources account for an average of 65% of the total terrestrial water resources,and for an average of 82% in agricultural land(cropping period).Therefore,the development and exploitative potential of green water resources is relatively large,and if we neglect the amount of green water,we may underestimate water availability.(3)The green water parameters calibration,remote-sensing ET data calibration,spatio-temporal scale transformation and uncertainty analysis are key research issues for improving the accuracy of green water simulation.(4)Based on the potential trend of future water resources stability will be weakened for the climate change and human activities,it is practical significance to take green water into consideration in the basin water resources management.Because it can accurately evaluate water resources,and build a new avenue to cope with future water resources problems in the river basin such as water scarcity,water fluctuation and water stress,etc.(5)Green water management is a new project of water resources management in the river basin which can rationally optimize the allocation of blue and green water resources,and can coordinate the overall balance of the socio-economic and ecological benefits based on the fairness and efficiency between upstream and downstream.Consequently,two aspects for dealing with water resources issues are no other than"broaden water resource and save water resources".Green water resources as an important component of broaden water resource and green water management as a basic measure for save water resources should be supposed to pay more attention.On the basis of water balance,the concept of green water management is feasible way for the equitable allocation and efficient utilization of water resources in the river basin.