农村空巢老人多维贫困测度及影响因素研究

RESEARCH ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY MEASUREMENT AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR RURAL EMPTY NEST ELDERLY

[目的]在农村劳动力流失与老龄化的背景下,摸清我国农村空巢老人的多维贫困状况,找到解决农村空巢老人多维贫困的有效路径,为更好地开展精准扶贫提供理论和实践支撑。[方法]基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)共计2086份有效样本数据,运用AF方法从健康、经济状况、生活标准和社会参与4个维度来测量农村空巢老人多维贫困程度,并通过SPSS 17.0进行二元分类Logistic回归分析实证研究农村空巢老人多维贫困的影响因素。[结果]健康、生活标准、社会参与对农村空巢老人多维贫困的贡献率较高,其中健康维度中的慢性病指标影响最大,而经济状况方面的剥夺程度最低。在地区差异上,中部地区在健康和生活标准方面存在较深的剥夺,西部地区则在经济状况和社会参与方面存在较深的剥夺。拥有在世子女、社会支持和村委会关心对农村空巢老人多维贫困具有正向缓解作用,但是具有孤独感、在世子女数量越多或者对子女关系不满意的农村空巢老人陷入多维贫困的可能性更高。[结论]为缓解农村空巢老人多维贫困,在关注其收入贫困之外,一方面要重视改善其生活保障机制和人居环境,另一方面,更要增强人文关怀和提升老人社会参与感。

Under the background of rural labor loss and aging,this paper is to find out the multidimensional poverty situation of rural empty nest elderly,find an effective way to solve the multidimensional poverty of rural empty nest elderly,and provide theoretical and practical support for targeted poverty alleviation.Based on a total of 2086 valid sample data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS),the multidimensional poverty level of empty nesters in rural areas was measured by using the AF method from four dimensions of health,economic status,living standards,and social participation.The influencing factors of multidimensional poverty among rural empty nest elderly were studied by binary logistic regression model with SPSS 17.0.The results showed that health,living standards and social participation had a high contribution rate to the multidimensional poverty of the empty nest elderly in rural areas.Among them,the chronic disease index in the health dimension had the greatest impact,while economic conditions were the least deprived.In terms of regional differences,the central region had deeper poverty deprivation in terms of health and living standards,and the western region had deeper poverty deprivation in economic conditions and social participation.With the living children,social support and the concern of the village committee,it had a positive effect on the multidimensional poverty of rural empty nest elderly.But the loneliness and who had greater number of children living in the world or the unsatisfactory relationship with children were more likely to fall into multidimensional poverty.In order to alleviate the multidimensional poverty of empty nest elderly in rural areas,in addition to paying attention to the poverty of their economic income,we must pay attention to improving their living security mechanisms and living environment.And we must also enhance humanistic care and old people's sense of social participation.