生物质炭对土壤改良及农业生态效应响应的研究进展

Research Advance in Response of Biochar to Soil Improvement and Agro-ecological Effect

生物质炭是生物材料在低氧或缺氧环境下,高温热解产生的一类碳含量高、孔隙结构发达、吸附能力强和富含氧官能团的多功能材料;施用生物质炭对改良土壤、重金属及农药残留污染土壤的修复、促生作物增产等具有较好的作用,有利于促进农业生产的可持续发展。为农业生态环境治理及同类研究提供参考,从调控土壤养分与理化性状、改善土壤微生物生境及提高土壤酶活性、去除土壤农药残留/重金属污染及防控有害生物和促进作物生长及提高其产量等方面概述生物质炭对土壤改良及农业生态效应响应的研究进展,指出了未来生物质炭应用的研究方向。

Biochar is a kind of multi-functional material with high carbon content,developed pore structure,strong adsorption capacity and abundant oxygen-containing functional group produced by high temperature pyrolysis of biological material under low oxygen or hypoxia environment.Applying biochar has good effects on soil improvement,remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metal and pesticide residue,and increase of crop yield,which is beneficial to promote sustainable development of agriculture production.The research advance in response of biochar to soil improvement and agro-ecological effect is reviewed from four aspects of regulation of soil nutrient and physicochemical properties,improvement of soil microbial habitats and soil enzyme activity,removal of pesticide residue/heavy metal in soil and pest prevention and control,and improvement of crop growth and yield,and the research direction of future biochar application is pointed out to provide a reference for agro-ecological environmental management and the similar research.