德意志浪漫精神下的女性典范——论歌德经典诗剧《伊菲格妮在陶里斯岛》

Female Model of German Romantic Spirit: On the Romantic Spirit of Goethe’s Classical Drama Iphigenie in Tauris

浪漫精神是一股具有德意志精神传统、在欧洲思想史上与启蒙理性并存的思潮。歌德的经典诗剧《伊菲格妮在陶里斯岛》以诗学形式彰显浪漫精神。主要人物伊菲格妮以心灵和感应与神进行对话,认知神性是作为理性无法企及的更高存在,她始终将自己置于神性之下,神性是她人格的来源,使她与女神狄安娜合二为一或一体两面。以神性纯洁为准则的勇敢行动战胜了实用理性主义,扬弃了神—人二元对立的启蒙—人本传统,成就德意志浪漫精神下永恒的女性典范。

Goethe’s classic drama Iphigenie in Tauris is a poetic interpretation of the romantic spirit of Germany which is lined with German spiritual tradition and the Enlightenment of European thought.The heroine Iphigenie talks with God by mind and induction,taking divinity as a higher existence that cannot be rationalized by feeling and listening.She always puts herself under divinity.Deity is the source of her personality,making her and goddess Diana"Combine two into one."The courageous action based on the purity of divinity defeats practical rationalism,resolves the traditional conflicts between God and human duality in drama,and achieves the model of eternal women under the romantic spirit of Germany.