国家公园划界分区理论研究进展及问题与策略探讨

Study on progress,problems and strategies of delimitation and zoning theory about national park

国家公园资源受到责、权、利等多种因素的共同作用,产生的问题较为复杂,需要明确边界范围和分区规划,才可能形成对国家公园范围的国土空间有效用途管制。边界划分是保护地有效的管理工具,但是如何实现科学有效的划界分区则是管理的难点问题,同时也是实现可持续发展必须要解决的问题。通过阐述岛屿生物地理学、集合种群、景观生态学3种保护地划界分区理论的优劣势,梳理国家公园划界分区存在的问题,探讨以自然资源为保护对象的国家公园划界分区所涉及的因素,构建基于"生态边界阈值"为指导原则的划界分区方法,为国家公园的发展建设提供新的思路。

The problems of national park caused by many factors such as the responsibility, right and benefit are very complex. The land and space within the scope of national parks can be controlled effectively by defining the boundary and form spatial planning. How to realize the scientific and effective boundary definition, which is an effective management tool for nature reserve, is difficult in constructing and managing protected area, and it is also a problem that must be solved to achieve sustainable development. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of protective land demarcation zoning of island biogeography, aggregation population and landscape ecology are expounded, the problems existing in the demarcation of national parks are sorted out, and the delimitation of national parks with natural resources as protection objects is discussed. Meanwhile, the role of ecological impacts induced by scenic spot resources and residential communities on the safe pattern of protective land ecosystem is discussed, and a national park demarcation zoning method based on the guiding principle of "ecological boundary threshold" is constructed which provides new ideas for the development and construction of national parks.