康熙《皇舆全览图》中的台湾测绘、流变问题考析

An Analysis of Taiwan’s Mapping and Rheology in Kangxi’s “Imperial Atlas of China”

康熙《皇舆全览图》的测绘是在欧洲耶稣会传教士的主导下完成的。成图时,除新疆、西藏以及贵州、广西的"生苗区"未能全部绘制外,台湾后山部分也在标注"大山番界"后作留白处理。其缘由一则为彼时台湾开发的历史概况及汉"番"相处状况所限,后山难以进入实行测绘;二则因为测绘人员本身对于疆域、边界的认知与传统中国边疆概念之间的偏差所致。值得探析的是,该图在欧洲(以法国为主)的传播过程中,全图中台湾后山原有的"空白"部分被填补完整,而在福建省舆图中依然保持测绘时的原貌。在没有进行重新测绘的前提下,作此种处理的依据一是承认、尊重测绘成果的精准度,并予以接受;二则与作者所处时代流传的中国地理知识关系密切。

The mapping of Emperor Kang Xi’s "Imperial Atlas of China" was completed under the leadership of the European Jesuit missionaries. In addition to some parts of Xinjiang, Tibet, Guizhou and Guangxi, the "Dashan Fanjie" in the back mountains of Taiwan was also marked for blank treatment. The reason for this is mainly the limitation of the historical situation in the development of Taiwan and the relationship between Han and Fan at that time that made it difficult for the people concerned to get into the back of the mountains for surveying and mapping. On the other hand, it is the deviation between the surveyor’s own knowledge of the territory and boundary and their traditional concept of Chinese frontier that should also be responsible for it. It is worth noting that in the process of spreading the map in Europe(mainly in France), the original "blank" part of Taiwan’s back mountains in the whole map was completely filled in, while the original appearance of the surveying still stayed unchanged in the map of Fujian Province. In the absence of re-mapping, the basis for such treatment is, firstly, in fact, to recognize, respect and accept the accuracy of the surveying and mapping. Secondly, this practice also means having its close relation to the geographical knowledge of China spread in the author’s era.