施锌对不同品种小麦锌吸收分配的影响

Effects of zinc application on zinc uptake and distribution among different wheat cultivars

为明确土壤施锌对不同品种小麦的生长发育以及养分吸收的影响,选用河南省广泛种植的10个冬小麦品种,采用盆栽试验,设置0 mg·kg^-1(Zn0)、10 mg·kg^-1(Zn10)、20 mg·kg^-1(Zn20)、30 mg·kg^-1(Zn30)4个施锌水平,研究不同施锌量对冬小麦生长发育和锌吸收利用的影响。结果表明:在北方石灰性潮土增施锌肥能够显著提高小麦籽粒锌含量,但产量构成要素、干质量及锌效率等对施锌的响应因品种而异。施锌显著增加了供试小麦整株锌含量和累积量,且在Zn20水平下增幅最大,较Zn0处理分别提高了41.4%~85.1%和19.9%~110.1%。"郑麦379""百农207""郑麦0856""周麦22"的籽粒锌含量随锌浓度增加而增加,在Zn30达到最高,较Zn0提高了43.5%、65.1%、68.2%、55.8%;"郑麦366"和"周麦27"的籽粒锌含量在锌肥10~30 mg?kg-1时无显著差异,较Zn0处理增加了40.6%~62.3%;而其他品种小麦的籽粒锌含量在Zn20处理最高,较Zn0处理增加55.7%~92.2%。施锌后不同小麦各部位的锌累积量分配比例有明显差异,籽粒、颖壳、茎秆、根部的锌累积量占比范围分别为17.4%~49.9%、6.3%~16.0%、21.5%~46.1%、12.9%~28.7%。研究表明,"郑麦379"和"矮抗58"可作为锌高效品种;土施锌肥10~20 mg·kg^-1可以有效提高籽粒锌含量,改善小麦锌营养品质。

In order to clarify the effects of exogenous Zn application on the growth and Zn uptake of different wheat cultivars,10 winter wheat cultivars widely cultivated in Henan Province were selected.Pot experiments were conducted with four Zn levels,namely 0 mg·kg^-1(Zn0),10 mg·kg^-1(Zn10),20 mg·kg^-1(Zn20),and 30 mg·kg^-1(Zn30).The effects of different Zn application rates on the growth,development,and Zn uptake and utilization of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that the application of Zn fertilizer on calcareous soil in northern China could significantly increase the wheat grain Zn concentration,but the yield components,dry matter,and Zn efficiency varied within cultivars upon Zn fertilization.The Zn concentration and accumulation in whole wheat plants increased upon Zn application and the increase rate was maximized at Zn20 level,which were 41.4%~85.1 % and 19.9%~110.1% higher than those of the control,respectively.The grain Zn concentration of ZhengMai379,BaiNong207,ZhengMai0856,and ZhouMai22 increased as the Zn treatment increased and was maximized at Zn30,with concentrations 43.5%,65.1%,68.2%,and 55.8% higher than that of the control,respectively.The grain Zn concentration of ZhengMai366 and ZhouMai27 did not show a an obvious difference under the Zn supply of 10~30 mg·kg^-1,which was In order to clarify the effects of exogenous Zn application on the growth and Zn uptake of different wheat cultivars, 10 winter wheat cultivars widely cultivated in Henan Province were selected. Pot experiments were conducted with four Zn levels, namely 0 mg·kg^-1(Zn0), 10 mg·kg^-1(Zn10), 20mg·kg^-1(Zn20), and 30 mg·kg^-1(Zn30). The effects of different Zn application rates on the growth, development, and Zn uptake and utilization of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that the application of Zn fertilizer on calcareous soil in northern China could significantly increase the wheat grain Zn concentration, but the yield components, dry matter, and Zn efficiency varied within cultivars upon Zn fertilization. The Zn concentration and accumulation in whole wheat plants increased upon Zn application and the increase rate was maximized at Zn20 level, which were 41.4%~85.1% and 19.9%~110.1% higher than those of the control, respectively. The grain Zn concentration of ZhengMai379, BaiNong207, ZhengMai0856, and ZhouMai22 increased as the Zn treatment increased and was maximized at Zn30, with concentrations 43.5%, 65.1%, 68.2%, and 55.8% higher than that of the control, respectively. The grain Zn concentration of ZhengMai366 and ZhouMai27 did not show a an obvious difference under the Zn supply of 10~30 mg·kg^-1, which was40.6%~62.3% higher than that of Zn0. The grain Zn concentration in the other wheat cultivars was maximized at Zn20, and ranged from55.7% to 92.2% higher than that of the control. The Zn distribution ratio in different wheat organs varied significantly after Zn application,the proportion of Zn in the grains, glumes, stems, and roots was 17.4%~49.9%, 6.3%~16.0%, 21.5%~46.1%, and 12.9%~28.7%, respectively. Overall, ZhengMai379 and AiKang58 could be used as high-efficiency Zn cultivars, and Zn fertilization of 10~20 mg·kg^-1 could effectively increase the wheat grain Zn concentration and improve the Zn nutritional quality.