菲律宾南海话语的法理论证:理据、说服与解构

The Legal Argumentation of Philippine South China Sea Discourse : Motivation, Persuasion and Deconstruction

菲律宾对南海话语进行国际法包装,以增加与中国在双边谈判中讨价还价的筹码,提升话语权。菲律宾称南沙群岛为“卡拉延群岛”,提出“克洛玛发现‘自由地􀆳”“‘无主地􀆳先占原则”“邻近即主权”“时效原则”“国土安全原则”“有效占领”等理据。菲律宾通过诉诸逻辑、情感、权威与信誉等方式,对其南海话语进行论证,主要体现为援引事实、案例与国际法,诉诸小国悲情意识,诉诸权威法庭与人物等方式,试图获得话语主动权。但菲律宾的法理论证存在断章取义、事实错误、避重就轻、前后矛盾的地方,需要加以解构。中国应将历史证据与现代国际法理据更好地结合起来。

In order to increase the bargaining leverage in bilateral negotiations with China and enhance its discourse power,the Philippines packaged its South China Sea discourse with international law.The Philippines calls the Nansha Islands"the Kalayan Islands",and puts forward such discourses as"the discovery of'free land',"the principle of preemption of terra nullius,,"contiguity or proximity","the principle of prescription","national security","the principle of effective control".By resorting to logic,emotion,authority and reputation,the Philippines has demonstrated its discourse in the South China Sea to obtain the initiative of discourse by citing facts,cases and international law,suing the tragic consciousness ofsmall country,as well as resorting to authoritative courts and figures.However,there are some problems in Philippine legal argumentation,such as out of context and wrong facts,which need to be deconstructed.China should better combine historical evidence with modern international legal argumentation.