圆台阵近场目标三维空间被动定位性能研究

Research on the passive location of the three-dimensional space of the near-field target

针对近场水下目标被动定位问题,提出圆台阵设计构想,推导了基阵接收数据模型和近场三维声聚焦波束形成方法,通过对切割球面上聚焦点的扫描,得到目标方位角和俯仰角,再通过对不同扫描球面上最大输出功率的比较实现目标距离估计。采用最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)波束形成方法仿真分析了圆台阵阵型对水下目标三维空间被动定位性能的影响,结果表明,圆台阵越接近平面,测距性能越好,方位角分辨率越高,但是对于俯仰角较低的目标而言,圆台阵越接近圆柱状,俯仰角分辨率越高,因此,圆台阵设计时需要对俯仰角和距离估计需求综合考虑。

Aiming at the problem of passive positioning of near-field underwater target,the design concept of circular array is put forward,the data receiving model of array data and the method of near-field three-dimensional acoustic focusing beamforming are derived,and the scanning of focus on the cutting sphere is carried out.The azimuth angle and pitch angle of the target are obtained,and the target distance estimation is realized by comparing the maximum output power on different scanning spheres.In this paper,the minimum variance distortion-free response(MVDR)beamforming method is used to simulate and analyze the influence of the array configuration on the three-dimensional passive positioning performance of underwater targets.The results show that the closer to the plane of the circular array,the better the ranging performance is.The higher the azimuth resolution is,but for the target with lower pitch angle,the closer the circular array is to the cylinder,the higher the pitch resolution is.Therefore,when designing the circular array,it is necessary to consider the requirements of pitch angle and range estimation.