高校学习环境的现状及其对本科生能力发展的影响

The Current Situation of University Learning Environment and its Influence on Undergraduate Students’ Competence Development

对全国4461名本科生的问卷调查显示,在控制相关变量的情况下,学习环境的不同维度对本科生专业知识、学科前沿成果、实践能力、表达能力、信息素养、批判性思维、问题解决以及未来规划能力等有显著正向作用。总体而言,高校学习环境对大学生能力发展的影响大于学生背景因素。具体来看,学习环境的不同维度对本科生能力发展影响存在显著差异。其中学习空间对学生专业知识的提升作用较大,学术讲座和科研兴趣支持对学科前沿成果影响最大,任课教师的帮助对学生8项能力均有较大影响,辅导员的帮助在学生未来规划能力提升上具有较大作用。研究认为,应建立和完善高校学习环境支持体系,重视学习环境不同维度的作用,为不同背景的学生能力发展提供差异化的环境支持。

A questionnaire survey of 4461 undergraduates shows that, under the control of relevant variables, different dimensions of learning environment have significant positive effects on undergraduates’ professional knowledge, discipline frontier achievements, practical ability, expression ability, information literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving and future planning ability. Generally speaking, learning environment has more influence on college students’ competence development than student background. Specifically, the influence of different dimensions of learning environment on the competence development of undergraduates is different. Among them, learning space plays the greater role in promoting students’ professional knowledge, academic lectures and research interest support have the largest impact on the frontier achievements of the discipline, the help of teachers has a greater impact on students’ overall eight abilities, and counselors have a greater impact on students’ future planning ability. The research suggests that we should establish and improve the learning environment support system in colleges, pay attention to the role of different dimensions of learning environment, and provide different environmental support for the competence development of students from different backgrounds.