高校自主招生公平与效率的实证研究——基于学生学业发展的视角

Empirical Study on Equity and Efficiency of College Independent Admission Practices from Perspectives of Student Development

高校招生改革具有"牵一发动全身"的重要战略意义,其动向兼具人才选拔的教育功能与代际流动的社会功能。本研究从2019年中国本科教与学调查数据里选取18所实施自主招生的高校(样本量=1888),基于学生背景及其在校表现对高校自主招生的实施效果进行评价。回归结果表明:从社会公平来看,自主招生政策更有利于农村生源,这反映了从2012年启动的贫困地区定向招生专项计划初见成效,但女生与家庭第一代大学生的自招表现有待提升;从择优录取的效率来看,控制高考分数之后,自招生在本科期间获得奖学金这一指标上优于统招生,但自招生对就读高校的推荐度却低于统招生。

Reforms of the College Entrance Examination(CEE) give small nudges down the long path of important strategic development. These reforms play a double role not only to select talents in education system but also to promote cross-generational mobility in society. Based on 1,888 samples of 18 universities with independent admission practices from the 2019 Chinese College Teaching and Learning Survey, this study focused on the empirical evidence of student background and their undergraduate performance to evaluate college independent admission practices. Regression results show that from the perspective of social equity, rural students are more likely to be recruited by independent admission practices, which implies an initial positive impact of the special enrollment plan for rural students that has implemented since 2012. However, other disadvantaged subgroups, for instance, female, first-generation college students, still have space for improvement in independent admission practices. From the efficient perspective of talent selection, undergraduates selected by independent admission perform better in terms of winning scholarship, but they are less willing to recommend their universities compared to those admitted by the traditional CEE scores.