杂种优势的形成机制及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

The Formation Mechanism of Heterosis and Its Application in Animal Genetic Breeding

在现代化畜禽养殖业中,杂种优势的利用扮演着十分重要的角色。"显性学说""超显性学说"以及"上位性假说"是经典的数量遗传学对杂种优势解释的3种学说。随着遗传学研究和扩展,研究者们发现杂种优势是来自父、母本基因组等位基因之间的相互作用,改变了有关基因的调控网络,才提高了杂交后代的生产繁殖性能。在动物的杂交育种中,一般采用大量品系、品种进行多次试验,进而筛选出所需的优势性状个体,所以适合推广的杂交优势组合难以获得,所以对杂交育种中的不同组合的杂交优势进行准确预测变得格外的重要。

In modern livestock and poultry farming,the use of heterosis plays a very important role.The "dominant doctrine",the "super-dominant doctrine" and the "superlative hypothesis" are the three theories of classical quantitative genetics for the interpretation of heterosis.With the research and expansion of genetics,we found that heterosis is derived from the interaction between the parental and maternal genomic alleles,and changes the regulatory network of related genes to improve the reproductive performance of hybrid progeny.In the cross breeding of animals,a large number of strains and varieties are generally used for multiple experiments,and then the desired dominant trait individuals are screened out.Therefore,the hybridization advantage combination suitable for popularization is difficult to obtain,so the hybridization advantages of different combinations in the cross breeding are carried out.Accurate predictions are especially important.