关于《著作权法》的经济学考量——以音乐产品为例

On the Economic Consideration of Copyright Law——Focus on Music Products As an Example

《著作权法》作为重要的知识产权政策在以知识产权为核心的创意产业发展中占据重要地位,其通过对产权的初始界定,实现资源的最优配置,有效缓解了市场失灵。为实现有关《著作权法》的进一步完善,结合经济学理论,具体从效率的角度来看,《著作权法》应当在赋予创作者群体以特权的同时强调其鼓励创作的义务,注重长远利益,由追求静态效率向动态效率过渡;从公平的角度,面对实施过程中人际公平的缺失,《著作权法》应从整体利益出发,以创作文化产品的劳动力资源而非仅仅以文化产品本身为作用对象,实现产业链各权利主体由各取所需向各取所值转换。在此基础上,通过匹配当代人与后代人在关于文化产品交易过程中的成本和收益,以对《著作权法》中有关作品保护期限的衡量,从代际公平的角度追求当前利益与长远利益的有机统一,从而更好地促进创作者群体与社会公众之间的利益权衡。

As an important intellectual property policy,copyright law plays an important role in the development of creative industries with intellectual property as the core part.Through the initial definition of property rights,it realizes the optimal allocation of resources and alleviates market failure effectively.In order to achieve the further improvement of the copyright law,combining with the economic theory,from the perspective of efficiency,the copyright law should not only endow the creators with privileges,but also emphasize their obligation to encourage creation,as well as pay attention to the long-term interests,so as to make the transition from static efficiency to dynamic efficiency;From the perspective of equity,in the face of the lack of interpersonal justice in the process of implementation,the copyright law should be based on the overall interests,taking the labor resources of creating cultural products as the object rather than the cultural products themselves,in order to achieve the conversion of each right subject in the industrial chain from each according to his needs to each according to his contribution.On this basis,by matching the costs and benefits of contemporary people and future generations in the process of cultural product transaction,and by measuring the duration of protection of works in the copyright law,we pursue the organic unity of current interests and long-term interests from the perspective of inter-generational justice,so as to promote the balance of interests between creators and the public better.