AIP潜艇长航期间舱室环境中空气污染物分析

Analysis of air pollutants in an air independent propulsion submarine

研究了我国AIP(air independent propulsion)潜艇潜航舱室环境有害气体的基本情况和浓度分布,为更好制定AIP潜艇舱室环境标准和控制建议提供基础数据。本文采用的方法有液氮低温条件下预浓缩联合气相色谱分离,用色谱质谱联用检测大部分挥发性有机化合物,用在线监测仪器分析了潜航过程中颗粒物、一氧化碳和二氧化碳的污染水平。定量检测了34种污染组分,大部分物质浓度较低,在这些物质中有些是嗅阈值低、毒性高的组分如二甲基二硫醚、苯、二硫化碳、三氯甲烷。部分污染物浓度较高,达到ppm级别。舱室颗粒物污染主要为细颗粒物污染,部分舱室浓度超过国家室内空气质量标准,住舱二氧化碳最高浓度超过常规潜艇的容许标准。下潜时间的增加使舱室环境产生部分恶化,微量污染物通过累积使污染物浓度接近或超出相关标准规定,人员活动产生的挥发性有机物、颗粒物和二氧化碳等无机气体进一步加剧了舱室污染,要尽快加强相关的医学保障和制定相应的卫生标准。

The purpose of this study is to study the air contaminants in the cabins of AIP submarine.This type of submarine has a longer submerged time than the conventional submarine and the basic data help for the better research of the AIP submarine cabin environment standard and the control strategy.Pretreatment and analysis method of volatile organic compounds was preconcentration combined with gas chromatography under the condition of liquid nitrogen and detected by chromatography-mass spectrometry.The pollution of particles,carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide during the submarine voyage was analyzed by on-line monitoring instrument.34 kinds of pollution components were detected,most of which were low in concentration.Some are low olfactory threshold or high toxic components,such as dimethyldisulfide,benzene,carbon disulfide,trichloromethane,and several reached to ppm level.The contamination of the particles was mainly fine particles and part cabins exceeded the national standard of indoor air quality.The highest concentration of carbon dioxide in accommodation space exceeded the permissible concentration of atmosphere composition aboard diesel submarine compartments.The increase submerged time made the environment in the cabins deteriorate.The concentration of trace contaminants may close to or beyond the relevant standards with the prolonged time.The volatile organic compounds,particles,carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide aggravated the air circumstance in the cabins.It should be determined the permissible concentration of air contaminants in AIP submarine as soon as possible.