“作家如何被培养”——作为教学法的创意写作工作坊探讨

“How to Train Writers”:On a Creative Writing Workshop as a Teaching Method

作为教学法的创意写作工作坊成员包括教师、学生、助教、外聘专家等,以写作知识与技巧讲解、学生作品研讨和个人写作练习为其主要教学内容,以写作知识获得、创意与写作能力提高、作品完成为其教学目标,三个方面共同构成其内容要素。从组建工坊、调动成员积极性、遵守工坊纪律到完成教学内容、实现教学目标,这些内容要素的全环节、多维度的协调互动,形成工坊运行机制。工坊教学法对写作教学的专业性和科学性提出了严格要求,但由于创意写作学科重实践轻理论的传统,导致该教学法长期没有得到有效的反思和改进,在实践运用中出现这样那样的问题,严重影响了它的效果与声誉。探讨创意写作工作坊的内容要素与运行机制,反思其存在的问题与原因,是优化创意写作工作坊教学法的前提。

As a teaching method,a creative writing workshop is comprised of teachers,students,teaching assistants and external experts,etc.Its teaching content mainly consists of explaining writing knowledge and techniques,discussing students works and individuals writing practice.Its teaching objectives are to acquire writing knowledge,improve creativity and writing ability and accomplish literary works.All of these three aspects are essential for a creative writing workshop.From organizing a workshop,stirring up the activeness of participants,observing the disciplines of the workshop,to accomplishing teaching tasks and realizing teaching objectives—the whole link and multi-dimension collaboration and interaction of these factors form the operation mechanism of a workshop.The workshop teaching method puts forward strict requirements for the expertise and scientificity of writing teaching.However,less effective reflection on or improvement of this teaching method,caused by the tradition of creative writing discipline that underscores practice while neglects theory,has existed for a long time.Its many practical problems have also resulted in its negative effect and reputation.In order to optimize the teaching method of a creative writing workshop,we ought to first of all examine the content factors and operation mechanism of a creative writing workshop and reflect on its existing problems and their causes.