伽蓝遗痕——克孜尔石窟出土木制品与佛教仪式关系的考古学观察

Monastic Fingerprints——Tracing Ritual Practice in the Rock Monastery of Qizil through Archaeological Evidence

本文详细检校了柏林亚洲艺术博物馆藏品,即德国吐鲁番考察队在克孜尔第76窟前室发掘出土部分木制品的有关信息。结合克孜尔石窟寺中现存的考古学痕迹,阐述和解读它们的特征、使用痕迹。以此为参照,客观地研究和分析两者之间的相互关系,推测和还原不同木制品在克孜尔中心柱窟举行仪式时的功用,借此阐明与出土木制品有关的佛教仪式如何在克孜尔石窟中开展的一些初步看法。

The study on the ritual use of the caves in Qizil is a topic that needs more scholarly attention and interdisciplinary collaboration. Archaeology can offer its own unique contribution, and although it cannot reenact or name the rituals taking place in the caves, its ability to interpret the marks left by the people performing those rituals is extremely valuable. This study is based on analysis of the photographs taken during the clearing of the antechamber of Qizil Cave 76 by the German Turfan Expedition, and on Grünwedel’s article referring to the objects found in it. Further, because several of the unearthed relics are preserved in the Museum of Asian Art in Berlin, carrying out a preliminary examination of the extant material has proven very convenient. By rearranging the wooden furniture and ritual paraphernalia in the main chamber of a large centralpillar cave, researchers have shown that several rituals could viably take place within it.